A number of tests are required to determine whether the underlying problem is indeed dementia, or what type of dementing disorder it is. The physician needs to rule out other disease processes so as to be able to provide appropriate treatment.
A detailed history and physical examination are crucial. Laboratory investigations will include blood tests such as a complete picture of the blood cells, the balance of the mineral contents in body fluids, the glucose level, kidney, liver and thyroid functions, vitamin levels, and so on. The attending physician may also order an electroencephalogram (a record of electrical brain waves), a lumbar puncture (a fluid specimen from the spinal cord to detect abnormalities), or a radiological examination (e.g., Computerized Tomography or what is commonly known as a CT scan) or neuroimaging studies (e.g., Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography or SPECT).
